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Gaia, the Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics, is a European Space Agency astronomical observatory mission. A global space astrometry mission, Gaia is building the largest, most precise three-dimensional map of our Galaxy by surveying nearly two billion objects. Gaia has its roots in ESAs Hipparcos mission (1989-1993), which catalogued more than 100 000 stars to high precision, and more than a million to lesser precision. Final Gaia results in the form of complete datasets are not expected to be publicly available until the early 2020s. Explore - Our Universe | Skymap | NASA This allows for a better understanding of the landscape and how it has changed over time. Hipparcos charted the positions of only about 100,000 stars, compared to Gaia's two billion. This is a challenging process: we are using Gaias measurements of the stars to calibrate the position of the Gaia spacecraft and ultimately improve its measurements of the stars, explains Timo Prusti, Gaia project scientist at ESA. View our Privacy Policy. The ESA uses Gaia mapping to map the astronomical objects throughout the Milky Way. Operating from 1989 to 2003 . The name was later given to a satellite launched by the European Space Agency in 2013. It's the most detailed map of our galaxy that astronomers have. We have to process this data into a catalogue that for each of the nearly two billion stars that we measure contains only five parameters for astrometry [the position and motion of stars], and then additional parameters for brightness and spectra.". Tereza is a London-based science and technology journalist, aspiring fiction writer and amateur gymnast. At its heart, Gaia contains two optical telescopes that work with three science instruments to precisely determine the location of stars and their velocities, and to split their light into a spectrum for analysis. As the underside of the shield will always be facing the Sun, its surface will be partially covered with solar panels that generate electricity from sunlight. Moon Mission. Astronomers will be able to study the history and dynamics of galaxies from the most distant reaches of time, potentially stretching the timeline of the universe. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. This is allowing the nearest stars to have their distances measured to the extraordinary accuracy of 0.001%. The European Space Agency's (ESA) Gaia space telescope creates the most comprehensive map of our galaxy, the Milky Way. By: . The name GAIA was originally derived as an acronym for Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics. Astronomers Release New All-Sky Map of Milky Way's Outer Reaches