Tarbell is best known for her 1904 book, The History of the Standard Oil Company. [187] The targets even included operations run by Taft's personal friends, such as Ohio-based National Cash Register. America did not participate in WWI, preferring instead to try to broker peace and avoid conflict. [186], Roosevelt's Antitrust record over eight years included 18 civil cases and 26 criminal antitrust cases resulting in 22 convictions and 22 acquittals. Most Northern states followed suit, with reformers proclaiming grass roots democracy. Kenneth Finegold, "Traditional Reform, Municipal Populism, and Progressivism,", Arthur E. DeMatteo, "The Progressive As Elitist: 'Golden Rule' Jones and the Toledo Charter Reform Campaign of 1901,", Eugene M. Tobin, "The Progressive as Single Taxer: Mark Fagan and the Jersey City Experience, 19001917,", Martin J. Schiesl, "Progressive Reform in Los Angeles under Mayor Alexander, 19091913,", G. Wayne Dowdy, "'A Business Government by a Business Man': E. H. Crump as a Progressive Mayor, 19101915,", William E. Ellis, "Robert Worth Bingham and Louisville Progressivism, 19051910,", William L. Bowers, "Country-Life Reform, 19001920: A Neglected Aspect of Progressive Era History. By the early 1920s, a consensus had been reached that the total influx of immigration had to be restricted, and a series of laws in the 1920s accomplished that purpose. He finally ran an independent campaign for president in 1924 that appealed to the German Americans, labor unions, socialists, and more radical reformers. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/13/us/college-admissions-probe.html. Muckrakers were needed in American Society because they would expose big industries, such as the meat packaging industry. [132], A lesser-known feminist movement in the progressive era was the self-defense movement. [183] Government agencies were also transformed in an effort to improve administrative efficiency. The group led efforts in Oregon to establish an initiative and referendum system, allowing direct legislation by the state's citizens. By reducing the number of elected officials and consolidating their power in singular officials like a governor they hoped to increase accountability and clarity in government. Drastic changes in land ownership posed a major challenge to local elites, who would not accept it, nor would their peasant clients. Realism in the unchanged depiction of nature and other aspects of life. During this time, known as the Progressive Era, the movement's goals involved strengthening the national government and addressing people's economic, social, and political demands. Middle-class women formed local clubs, which after 1890 were coordinated by the General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC). Federal action finally won out in 1911, splitting Standard Oil into 33 companies. Walter Lippmann and the Roots of 20th Century Progressivism They specialized on such urgent needs as infant care and maternal and child health, the distribution of pure milk and teaching new mothers about children's health. Do you agree with the ideological assumptions of progressivism? Dewey felt the younger generation was losing the opportunity to learn the art of democratic participation and in turn wrote many novels such as The Child and the Curriculum and Schools of tomorrow.
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