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Residents were given permanent residency status and the option of applying for Israeli citizenship. In 1994, the IsraelJordan peace treaty was signed. The movement called for Jews to study science and philosophy as a means to modernize Judaism and gain social rights without conversion to Christianity. In 1955 the Egyptian government began recruiting former Nazi rocket scientists for a missile program.[288][289]. [368][369] In April 2014, Israel suspended peace talks after Hamas and Fatah agreed to form a unity government. Many Bible scholars believe that these prophecies apply to the Jewish nation established in 1948 in the land over which King David reigned three thousand years ago. By lot was their inheritance, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses, for the nine tribes, and for the half tribe. He failed and Shamir became prime minister at the head of a right-wing coalition. For treatment of earlier history and of the country in its regional context, see Palestine, history of. God's selection was not based on their behavior - it was made before . Between the 7th and 11th centuries, Jewish scribes, called the Masoretes and located in Galilee, Jerusalem and Babylonia, established the Masoretic Text, which became the orthodox text of the Hebrew Bible. The Socialist-Zionist parties Mapai and Mapam won the most seats (46 and 19 respectively). The construction followed the historical outline of the city, but left out a key section of the City of David (today part of Silwan) and what is now known as Mount Zion. Herzl was the man whom many consider the founder of political Zionism. [378] Israel Shield was the government's program to combat against the virus. The war was the catalyst for the 1973 oil crisis, a Saudi-led oil embargo in conjunction with OPEC against countries trading with Israel. Kach had been barred from participation in the 1992 elections (on the grounds that the movement was racist). [237] Despite this, the Jewish Agency called on Palestine's Jewish youth to volunteer for the British Army (both men and women). Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Nothing could be further from the truth. Hellenistic rulers generally respected Jewish culture and protected Jewish institutions. In March 1990, Alignment leader Shimon Peres engineered a defeat of the government in a non-confidence vote and then tried to form a new government. Israel - History | Britannica British Palestine was to become the United Nation's problem. The twilight of Judah: in the Egyptian-Babylonian maelstrom. Why was Israel created? The Byzantine ban on Jews living in Jerusalem came to an end. Jews consider the Temple Mount (Muslim name Noble Sanctuary) to contain the Foundation Stone (see also Holy of Holies), which is the holiest site in Judaism. The coalition's victory in the Gulf War opened new possibilities for regional peace, and in October 1991 the US president, George H. W. Bush, and Soviet Union Premier, Mikhail Gorbachev, jointly convened a historic meeting in Madrid of Israeli, Lebanese, Jordanian, Syrian, and Palestinian leaders. [119] As a result, the original text of some Hebrew texts, including the Books of Maccabees, were lost (Greek translations survived). [110], The revolt's failure had profound demographic, theological, political, and economic consequences. In 1955 Egypt concluded a massive arms deal with Czechoslovakia, upsetting the balance of power in the Middle East.