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On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [126], Rockefeller became well known in his later life for the practice of giving dimes to adults and nickels to children wherever he went. He complained that he could not stay asleep most nights. He wrote and published his memoirs beginning in 1908. Striking miners were forced to abandon their homes in company towns and lived in tent cities erected by the union, such as the tent city at Ludlow, a railway stop north of Trinidad.[94]. Coal had previously been used to extract kerosene, but its tedious extraction process and high price prevented broad use. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and, through corporate and technological innovations, was instrumental in both widely disseminating and drastically reducing the production cost of oil. John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 May 23, 1937) was an American business magnate and philanthropist. [24], Eliza was a homemaker and a devout Baptist who struggled to maintain a semblance of stability at home, as Bill was frequently gone for extended periods. John D. Rockefeller A devout Baptist, Rockefeller turned his attention increasingly during the 1890s to charities and benevolence; after 1897 he devoted himself completely to philanthropy. [citation needed], By the end of the American Civil War, Cleveland was one of the five main refining centers in the U.S. (besides Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, New York, and the region in northwestern Pennsylvania where most of the oil originated). American industrialist and philanthropist [17941877]. They had four daughters and one son together. [14][15][16] He was a devout Northern Baptist and supported many church-based institutions. Philanthropy Roundtable - Biography of John Rockefeller Sr. John D. Rockefeller - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), John D. Rockefeller - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Later in life he turned his attention to charity. John D. Rockefeller | Timeline We have abundant evidence that Rockefeller's consistent policy was to offer fair terms to competitors and to buy them out, for cash, stock, or both, at fair appraisals; we have the statement of one impartial historian that Rockefeller was decidedly "more humane toward competitors" than Carnegie; we have the conclusion of another that his wealth was "the least tainted of all the great fortunes of his day."[137]. Continuing to apply his work ethic and efficiency, Rockefeller quickly expanded the company to be the most profitable refiner in Ohio. My life has been one long, happy holiday; During church service, his mother would urge him to contribute his few pennies to the congregation.